Why Bardiya National Park Is So Protected

Nestled in the Terai region of Nepal, Bardiya National Park is cloaked in mist at dawn, where the sal forests whisper tales of resilience and conservation. This park, established as a national park in 1988, represents a critical commitment to preserving Nepal’s rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.

• Historical Designation: The area was first designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, transitioning to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status.
• Legal Framework: The establishment of Bardiya National Park was influenced by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which aimed to protect Nepal's diverse flora and fauna.
• Ecological Significance: As Nepal's largest lowland national park, Bardiya is vital for the conservation of endangered species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, serves as a cornerstone of Nepal's conservation efforts, transitioning from a hunting reserve to a wildlife reserve and finally to a national park. This evolution reflects a broader commitment to protecting biodiversity in the Terai region, particularly as it faces pressures from development and poaching. The legal frameworks underpinning this transition include the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for protected areas in Nepal.

• Key milestones in Bardiya's protection: 1988 - Designation as a national park; 1973 - Enactment of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act.
• Reasons for stricter protection: Bardiya's unique ecological features and its role as a habitat for endangered species necessitated enhanced conservation measures compared to other Terai regions.
• Policy decisions: Bardiya's designation as a national park was a strategic choice influenced by ecological assessments and the need for habitat preservation.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is Nepal's largest lowland national park, covering an area of approximately 968 square kilometers. Its ecological importance is profound, serving as a critical habitat for several endangered species and playing a vital role in the conservation of Nepal's Terai ecosystems.

• Bengal tiger conservation: Bardiya is home to a significant population of Bengal tigers, a species listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. The park's dense sal forests and riverine habitats provide ideal conditions for these apex predators.
• Greater one-horned rhinoceros recovery: The park has seen a remarkable recovery of the greater one-horned rhinoceros, with conservation efforts leading to an increase in their numbers. This success story is a direct result of the park’s stringent protection measures.
• Asian elephant corridors: Bardiya serves as a crucial corridor for Asian elephants, facilitating their movement and migration between different habitats. The preservation of these corridors is essential for maintaining genetic diversity and ecological balance.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is Nepal’s largest lowland national park, covering an area of 968 square kilometers. This vast landscape is critical for the conservation of several flagship species and unique ecosystems. Its low human footprint and continuous forest cover are essential in maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity.

• Bengal Tiger Conservation: Bardiya is a sanctuary for the Bengal tiger, which is a keystone species in the Terai ecosystem. The park’s expansive grasslands and dense forests provide ideal habitats for these apex predators.
• Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros Recovery: Following the establishment of the park, significant efforts have been made to bolster the population of the greater one-horned rhinoceros, which is now finding a foothold in this protected area.
• Asian Elephant Corridors: Bardiya serves as a crucial corridor for Asian elephants, allowing them to migrate between different habitats while minimizing human-wildlife conflict.

The political and social dynamics surrounding Bardiya National Park are complex and deeply intertwined with the history of conservation in Nepal. The park's establishment as a protected area was not merely a response to ecological needs but also a strategic decision influenced by historical events, including civil unrest and poaching crises. The region faced significant challenges, particularly in the late 20th century, with rampant poaching threatening the very species that the park now safeguards.

• Stricter enforcement: In response to rising poaching incidents, particularly of the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Nepal deployed the Nepal Army within the park in 2001 to enhance security and deter illegal activities.
• Buffer-zone policies: The introduction of buffer zones around Bardiya National Park has been crucial in reducing human-wildlife conflict while promoting local community engagement in conservation efforts. These zones were established under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which aimed to create a balance between ecological preservation and local livelihoods.
• Community forestry and stewardship: The Tharu community, indigenous to the Terai region, plays a vital role in the conservation narrative. Their traditional knowledge and practices have been integrated into forest management strategies, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility towards the park's resources.

Understanding the political, social, and security dynamics surrounding Bardiya National Park reveals why its protection is so fiercely maintained. The region's history, marked by poaching and border tensions, necessitated a robust conservation strategy. The deployment of the Nepal Army to combat poaching and ensure security within the park has been crucial since the early 2000s, reflecting a serious commitment to safeguarding this ecological treasure.

• Poaching Influence: Poaching, particularly of the Bengal tiger and greater one-horned rhinoceros, has historically threatened wildlife populations, prompting stricter enforcement measures.
• Border Dynamics: The park's proximity to the Indian border has complicated conservation efforts, as illegal wildlife trade often crosses these boundaries, necessitating coordinated security measures.
• Community Forestry: Local stewardship through community forestry policies has empowered the Tharu community, integrating their knowledge and practices into conservation efforts.

The establishment of Bardiya National Park signifies a crucial juncture in Nepal's conservation history. Originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, the area transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1982 and was officially declared a national park in 1988. This evolution reflects a broader commitment to preserving Nepal's rich biodiversity, particularly in the Terai region, which is characterized by its unique ecosystems and wildlife.

• Legal Milestones: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1973 laid the groundwork for the protection of Bardiya, establishing a framework for conservation efforts across the nation.
• Stricter Protection: Bardiya received more stringent conservation measures compared to other Terai regions due to its critical habitat for endangered species, including the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.
• Policy Decisions: The establishment of buffer zones surrounding the park was a strategic policy decision aimed at minimizing human-wildlife conflict and promoting sustainable local development.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, serves as a crucial pillar of Nepal's conservation framework. Nestled in the Terai region, it stands as the largest lowland national park in the country, encompassing approximately 968 square kilometers. This expansive area was originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, transitioning to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status. Such a progression underscores a commitment to safeguarding biodiversity amid increasing threats.

• Key Legal Milestones: The designation of Bardiya as a protected area reflects significant legal frameworks, including the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973.
• Strict Protection Rationale: Bardiya's unique ecological attributes, including its role in conserving the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros, necessitated stricter protection compared to other Terai regions.
• Historical Context: The political and social dynamics of the region, marked by past instability and poaching challenges, have shaped the enforcement of conservation measures.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is a strategic conservation stronghold in Nepal, representing a culmination of historical decisions and ecological necessity. Initially designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976, and finally to its current status as a national park. This pathway reflects a deliberate choice by the Government of Nepal to prioritize biodiversity conservation in the face of increasing environmental pressures.

• Legal Milestones: The designation of Bardiya as a national park was formalized under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for protected areas in Nepal.
• Stricter Protection: Bardiya received stricter protection compared to other Terai regions due to its unique ecological attributes and the presence of critical species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.
• Policy Decisions: The establishment of buffer zones around the park, coupled with community forestry initiatives, has allowed local communities to engage in conservation efforts while balancing their livelihood needs.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is the largest lowland national park in Nepal, spanning over 968 square kilometers. Its designation as a protected area is rooted in a series of historical and legal milestones that reflect the evolving conservation policies of Nepal.

• Initial Designation: The area was first designated as a Royal Hunting Reserve in 1969, transitioning to a Wildlife Reserve in 1976, and ultimately achieving National Park status in 1988.
• Legal Framework: The protection of Bardiya is underpinned by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which provides the legal foundation for wildlife conservation in Nepal.
• Stricter Protection: Bardiya received stricter protection compared to other Terai regions due to its critical role in the conservation of endangered species, including the Bengal tiger and the Greater one-horned rhinoceros, alongside its vital riverine ecosystems.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is not just a refuge for wildlife but a symbol of Nepal's strategic commitment to conservation. The area, originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status. This progression highlights the evolving understanding of ecological importance and conservation needs within Nepal.

• Legal Milestones: The Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973 laid the groundwork for protected areas, influencing the designation of Bardiya as a national park.
• Stricter Protection Reasons: Bardiya's unique biodiversity and low human footprint necessitated enhanced protection compared to other Terai regions, where development pressures often compromise ecological integrity.
• Policy Decisions: The decision to enforce stringent protection measures was driven by historical poaching crises and the need to preserve critical habitats for endangered species.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is Nepal's largest lowland national park, spanning over 968 square kilometers of diverse ecosystems, including sal forests, riverine habitats, and grasslands. This strategic conservation stronghold plays a critical role in the preservation of several endangered species and the maintenance of ecological balance in the Terai region.

• Bengal Tiger Conservation: Bardiya is home to a significant population of Bengal tigers, which are essential for the ecological health of the park. Their presence indicates a thriving ecosystem, making the park a focal point for tiger conservation efforts.
• Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros Recovery: The park has been instrumental in the recovery of the greater one-horned rhinoceros, a species that once faced severe threats from poaching and habitat loss. Bardiya's protected status has facilitated effective anti-poaching measures.
• Asian Elephant Corridors: Bardiya serves as a crucial corridor for Asian elephants, connecting various habitats across the Terai. This connectivity is vital for their migration and genetic diversity.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, represents a pivotal moment in Nepal’s conservation history. Originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned into a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status. This evolution reflects a broader shift in policy aimed at protecting the rich biodiversity of the Terai region, which is crucial for the survival of species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.

• Key Legal Milestones: The designation of Bardiya as a protected area was formalized under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for conservation efforts in Nepal.
• Conservation Policies: The government’s decision to enforce stricter protection measures in Bardiya compared to other Terai regions was influenced by its ecological significance and the presence of vital species corridors.
• Documented Policy Decisions: The establishment of buffer zones around the park has facilitated local community involvement while mitigating human-wildlife conflict, a critical aspect of its ongoing conservation narrative.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is Nepal's largest lowland national park, covering an area of 968 square kilometers. This vast expanse of protected land is more than a mere wildlife sanctuary; it is a strategic conservation stronghold shaped by a complex interplay of historical decisions, ecological significance, and community involvement. The region was initially designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, transitioning to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before receiving national park status. This evolution reflects Nepal's growing recognition of the need for stringent conservation measures in the face of ecological threats.

• Key Legal Milestones: The legal frameworks guiding Bardiya's protection include the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for establishing protected areas across the country.
• Ecological Importance: Bardiya is vital for the conservation of species like the Bengal tiger, Greater one-horned rhinoceros, and Asian elephants, serving as a critical corridor in the Karnali-Geruwa riverine ecosystem.
• Community Involvement: The Tharu community, indigenous to the region, plays a crucial role in conservation efforts, navigating the challenges posed by land use restrictions and the impacts of conservation policies on their daily lives.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, stands as a critical conservation stronghold in Nepal, primarily due to a series of strategic legal decisions and ecological imperatives. Originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, the area underwent a significant transformation, evolving into a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status. This transition reflects a broader commitment to conserving Nepal's unique biodiversity, particularly in the Terai region, where human encroachment posed significant threats.

• Key Legal Milestones: The designation of Bardiya as a national park was a direct response to escalating poaching and habitat loss, setting a precedent for stricter conservation measures compared to other Terai regions.
• Conservation Policies: The Government of Nepal's commitment to protecting Bardiya is evident through various conservation policies, including the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the foundation for future protections.
• Strategic Importance: Bardiya's unique ecological attributes, including its status as Nepal's largest lowland national park, necessitated a more rigorous protective framework to ensure the survival of key species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.

Bardiya National Park, designated as a protected area in 1988, is a culmination of decades of conservation efforts and policy decisions. Originally established as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before being formally declared a national park. This evolution reflects Nepal's growing recognition of the need to safeguard its rich biodiversity, particularly in the context of the Terai region, which has faced significant ecological pressures.

The legal framework supporting Bardiya's protection is rooted in the Nepalese National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of protected areas. Bardiya received stricter protection compared to other Terai regions due to its unique ecological attributes and the imperative to conserve critical habitats for endangered species such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). These policy decisions were not merely sentimental; they were strategic moves to ensure ecological integrity and address the challenges posed by habitat fragmentation.

The historical context of Bardiya's protection is crucial. The park's establishment was influenced by a series of conservation milestones, including the establishment of buffer zones and community forestry initiatives in the 1990s, which encouraged local stewardship while mitigating human-wildlife conflict. These policies reflect a nuanced understanding of the need for both ecological preservation and community involvement, ensuring that local populations are not seen as threats but rather as partners in conservation.

Bardiya National Park, established as a national park in 1988, has a historical trajectory that underscores its significance in Nepal's conservation framework. Originally designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976, reflecting a growing recognition of the need for ecological protection. The legal framework surrounding the park is rooted in the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which set the foundation for establishing protected areas in Nepal.

Unlike other Terai regions, Bardiya received stricter protection due to its unique ecological characteristics and the presence of endangered species. The decision to elevate Bardiya’s status was influenced by the need to conserve critical habitats for the Bengal tiger, the greater one-horned rhinoceros, and significant populations of the Asian elephant. The park's designation as Nepal's largest lowland national park, covering an area of 968 square kilometers, highlights its strategic importance in the larger conservation landscape.

Documented policy decisions have played a crucial role in shaping Bardiya's protection. The establishment of buffer zones around the park has fostered community participation in conservation efforts, aligning local stewardship with national conservation goals. This integration of local governance and ecological preservation illustrates a deliberate policy choice aimed at achieving sustainable conservation outcomes.

As the park continues to evolve, it serves as a model for conservation efforts worldwide, demonstrating the intricate balance between ecological integrity and human needs. Understanding Bardiya's historical and legal foundations is essential to grasp why it remains a pillar of Nepal's conservation strategy.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is a vital component of Nepal’s conservation landscape. Initially designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976 before achieving national park status. This evolution reflects a growing recognition of the area's ecological significance and the need for comprehensive protection measures.

The park spans over 968 square kilometers, making it Nepal’s largest lowland national park. It is strategically located in the Terai region, which has faced significant ecological pressures due to agriculture and urban development. Unlike other areas in the Terai, Bardiya was afforded stricter protection due to its unique biodiversity, including critical habitats for the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros.

Key legislative milestones underpinning Bardiya's protection include the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for protected areas in Nepal. The government’s commitment to conservation is evident in policy decisions that prioritize ecological integrity over economic exploitation.

• Transition Timeline:
• 1969: Designated as a hunting reserve.
• 1976: Became a wildlife reserve.
• 1988: Achieved national park status.

This history of legal protection is crucial for understanding why Bardiya National Park is seen as a strategic conservation stronghold, emphasizing the importance of deliberate policy decisions in fostering ecological resilience. Acknowledging the historical context illuminates the path toward its current status and underscores the necessity of ongoing conservation efforts.

Bardiya National Park, designated as a protected area in 1988, has undergone significant transformations from its origins as a hunting reserve in the 1960s to a wildlife reserve in 1976, and finally achieving national park status. This evolution reflects Nepal's broader conservation policies, notably the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for wildlife protection across the country.

The park's designation was not merely a reaction to wildlife tourism pressures but a strategic decision to safeguard one of Nepal's largest lowland ecosystems, spanning over 968 square kilometers. Unlike other Terai regions, Bardiya received stricter protection due to its unique biodiversity and the urgent need to address threats such as poaching and habitat destruction, which prompted the government to prioritize its conservation.

Key policy decisions have emphasized the importance of Bardiya's ecological integrity, particularly for species like the Bengal tiger and the Greater one-horned rhinoceros. The establishment of buffer zones around the park has also been a critical measure to mitigate human-wildlife conflict and promote sustainable land use practices among local communities.

In recent years, the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) has highlighted the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptive management strategies to ensure that Bardiya remains a stronghold for biodiversity in the face of evolving environmental and social challenges.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, traces its roots back to the early 20th century when the area was designated as a hunting reserve in 1969. This transition marked a pivotal moment in Nepal's conservation history, shifting from exploitation to protection. The legal frameworks governing this evolution include the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for establishing protected areas in Nepal.

In contrast to other Terai regions, Bardiya received stricter protection due to its unique biodiversity and ecological significance. It was recognized not just for its wildlife but as a critical habitat for endangered species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros. This recognition came amid broader conservation policies aimed at preserving Nepal's rich natural heritage, reflecting the state’s commitment to sustainable governance.

Policy decisions in Bardiya have been informed by historical context, notably the need to combat poaching and habitat loss, which have historically threatened the region. The establishment of Bardiya as a national park was a response to these challenges, aiming to create a sanctuary where wildlife could thrive without the pressures of human encroachment.

Bardiya National Park, designated as a protected area in 1988, is the largest lowland national park in Nepal, covering approximately 968 square kilometers. Its evolution from a hunting reserve established in 1969 to a wildlife reserve in 1976, and finally to a national park, reflects a significant shift in conservation priorities in Nepal. This transformation was driven by increasing awareness of biodiversity loss and the need for stricter protections compared to other Terai regions, which faced different conservation challenges.

The legal framework underpinning Bardiya's protection includes the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for the establishment and governance of national parks in Nepal. The decision to elevate Bardiya to national park status was influenced by its ecological importance, particularly as a habitat for endangered species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros. The park plays a crucial role in preserving the Karnali and Geruwa riverine ecosystems, which are vital for maintaining biodiversity in the region.

Unlike other areas in the Terai that were often exploited for agriculture or settlement, Bardiya's low human footprint and the continuity of its forests made its protection a non-negotiable priority. This strategic conservation approach was not merely a response to environmental degradation but was also a reflection of deliberate policy decisions aimed at ensuring long-term ecological stability in a rapidly changing landscape.

Bardiya National Park, officially designated as a protected area in 1988, represents a critical juncture in Nepal's conservation history. Originally established as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1982 before gaining national park status. This progression reflects a growing recognition of the ecological value of the Terai region, particularly in the face of rampant deforestation and wildlife depletion elsewhere in Nepal.

The legal framework supporting Bardiya's protection includes the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of several protected areas across the country. Bardiya's designation as a national park was strategic, focusing on its unique biodiversity, which includes significant populations of Bengal tigers, greater one-horned rhinoceroses, and Asian elephants. Unlike other Terai regions, Bardiya received stricter protection measures due to its relatively low human footprint and the ecological continuity provided by its extensive forest cover.

Documented policy decisions, such as the establishment of buffer zones around the park, have been essential in mitigating human-wildlife conflict and ensuring local communities benefit from conservation efforts. These policies have contributed to notable conservation outcomes, making Bardiya a model for similar initiatives in Nepal and beyond.

Bardiya National Park, established in 1988, is Nepal's largest lowland national park, covering an area of 968 square kilometers. Its journey toward protection began in 1976 when the region was designated as a hunting reserve. This transition, evolving from a hunting reserve to a wildlife reserve and finally to a national park, was a response to escalating concerns regarding habitat degradation and wildlife poaching.

Key legislative milestones include the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of protected areas in Nepal. Bardiya's designation as a national park was part of a broader strategy to conserve the unique Terai ecosystem, characterized by its diverse flora and fauna, including the Bengal tiger and greater one-horned rhinoceros. The decision to enforce stricter protections in Bardiya compared to other Terai regions stemmed from its ecological significance and the historical context of wildlife depletion in the area.

Documented policy decisions such as the establishment of buffer zones and community forestry initiatives reflect a conscious effort to balance conservation with local livelihoods. These policies have been crucial in fostering a collaborative approach to conservation, involving local communities as active participants in safeguarding their natural heritage.

Bardiya National Park, established as a national park in 1988, has a rich history of protection that reflects Nepal's evolving conservation policies. Initially designated as a hunting reserve in 1969, it transitioned to a wildlife reserve in 1976, highlighting a significant shift in Nepal's approach to biodiversity preservation. The legal framework supporting this transition includes the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973, which laid the groundwork for protecting critical ecosystems across the country.

Unlike other regions in Nepal's Terai, Bardiya received stricter protection due to its unique ecological characteristics and the presence of endangered species such as the Bengal tiger and the greater one-horned rhinoceros. The decision to prioritize Bardiya was influenced by a series of policy decisions aimed at countering the threats of poaching and habitat destruction, which had plagued the area.

The establishment of Bardiya National Park was not merely a consequence of sentimentality but a calculated response to the pressing need for conservation in one of Nepal's most biodiverse regions. The park's large size, encompassing over 968 square kilometers, allows for essential wildlife corridors and habitat continuity, making its protection a non-negotiable aspect of Nepal's conservation strategy.

Bardiya National Park, established as a national park in 1988, is Nepal's largest lowland protected area, spanning 968 square kilometers in the Terai region. Its protection is not merely a response to the allure of wildlife tourism but rather a culmination of historical, ecological, and policy-driven decisions that underscore its strategic importance in conservation.

Historically, the area transitioned from a hunting reserve in 1969 to a wildlife reserve in 1976, before being designated as a national park. This progression reflects a growing recognition of the region's ecological significance. The Government of Nepal enacted the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act in 1973, laying the groundwork for more stringent conservation measures in Bardiya compared to other Terai regions, which have often faced greater encroachment and habitat degradation.

The park plays a crucial role in the conservation of key species, including the Bengal tiger, Greater one-horned rhinoceros, and Asian elephants, which rely on the continuous forest cover and low human footprint of the Terai ecosystem. The riverine systems, particularly the Karnali and Geruwa rivers, are vital for maintaining biodiversity, providing essential habitats for myriad flora and fauna.

Protection in Bardiya has been influenced by historical factors, including poaching and border dynamics that necessitated stricter enforcement measures. The deployment of the Nepal Army within the park has been a significant deterrent to illegal activities, while buffer-zone policies have aimed to mitigate human-wildlife conflict and promote sustainable community practices. Local stewardship through community forestry initiatives has allowed local residents to participate actively in conservation efforts, fostering a sense of shared responsibility.

However, the historical cost of protection has not been negligible. The relocation of settlements and restrictions on land use have altered the livelihoods of local communities, particularly the Tharu people, who have a deep-rooted connection to the land. Conservation policies have reshaped their daily lives and identities, transforming them into policy partners rather than passive beneficiaries.

In conclusion, Bardiya National Park embodies one of Nepal's most uncompromising conservation choices. Its protection is a testament to the intricate balance between ecological survival and human interests. As the world grapples with the consequences of environmental degradation, Bardiya teaches us the importance of protecting vital ecosystems before they are lost, highlighting the necessity of strategic conservation efforts in the face of ongoing challenges.